Juliana McMillan-Wilhoit
F&T Labs · Public Health Sauk County · 2023-2024

50 interviews to find the real problem: not missing tools, missing policy.

We went in to help Sauk County solve an AI problem. What we built for them became something bigger: PH360™, F&T Labs' platform for AI in local public health. But first: 50 interviews, a policy framework, and one very specific food code chatbot.

Public Health Sauk County, Wisconsin Baraboo, WI HIPAA AWS Bedrock RAG Policy Design
Impact
30m → 5m
Routine task time at Sauk County Health Dept
50+
Public health professionals interviewed before building
5+
LLMs tested before committing to AWS Bedrock
HIPAA
Compliant + Sunshine Law-ready from day one

Sauk County Health Department came to us with an AI question. Before touching anything, I ran 50 interviews across local health departments to see what was actually happening on the ground. What I found wasn't a tools problem.

Staff were copying protected health information into free consumer chatbots. Directors trusted AI outputs for grant writing without understanding the limitations. Legal teams didn't know the exposure. The technology wasn't the problem. The policy vacuum was.

"The most valuable thing I built before writing a single line of code was a policy framework. Health departments couldn't safely use any AI tool without one."

Once the policy framework was in place, we built the tool: a HIPAA-compliant, RAG-based food code assistant for Sauk County's environmental health inspectors. Ask a question in plain language, get a citation from the actual food code in seconds, not the 30 minutes of PDF hunting it used to take.

I hand-coded the first prototype in HTML, not to ship it but to get something real in front of users fast. Then I iterated side-by-side with inspectors. I tightened prompt phrasing, matched the tone to departmental style, and found out inspectors wanted it for drafting follow-up emails too.

AI policy framework: built before the product, now a standalone training offering
HIPAA-compliant RAG architecture on AWS Bedrock: data stays within the county's own AWS environment
Food code chat interface: natural language questions, citations in seconds, full audit trail
Sunshine Law compliance layer: every AI interaction logged, survives public records requests

I tested 5+ LLMs against real public health tasks (grant writing, policy summarization, data interpretation, response drafting) and scored outputs blind. AWS Bedrock won for one non-negotiable reason: HIPAA compliance. It keeps data within your AWS org and makes it possible to sign a BAA. The test results didn't matter if the data couldn't stay inside the customer's environment.

"What we built for Sauk County became something bigger. But that only happened because we solved one real problem first, for one real client, and got it right."
Sauk County Food Code Assistant: login screen

The Food Code Assistant, deployed for Sauk County Health Department

Sauk County Food Code Assistant: Ask the Food Code chat interface

The chat interface: inspectors ask questions, get answers grounded in the actual food code

Impact
"It's like having a really smart colleague who has read every policy we've ever written and never forgets anything."

Sauk County Health Department

Routine tasks that took 30 minutes now take 5. 83% of inspectors reported reduced workload. 67% rated the tool as very or somewhat effective in early testing.

That's not "AI made things faster." It's inspectors getting hours back per week to do the work that actually requires a human. And it only happened because we solved the policy problem first.

What we built for Sauk County became the foundation for PH360, F&T Labs' platform for AI in local public health. One client, one real problem, solved right, then productized.

Tools & Stack
AWS Bedrock HIPAA Compliance RAG / Knowledge Base Multi-LLM Testing SAFe Sunshine Law Python Embeddings

A strategic plan became a proving ground, and a shared stage.

Sauk County didn’t start as an AI engagement. It started as a strategic plan: I led their full planning process, every focus group, the retreat, the plan itself. Doing that work well earned the next conversation. Process mapping followed, then a data storytelling workshop, then their first AI tool: the food code assistant on this page.

Small engagements become big ones when you keep solving the real problem in front of you. By 2024, we were sharing a plenary stage with the department whose strategic plan was the whole original scope. That trust arc, not any single deliverable, is what turned one county’s question into PH360.

Next project
The technology wasn't the risk. The people were wary. They were right to be.
Change Management